Diabetes mellitus is a scourge of the 21st century.This endocrine pancreas disease causes damage to all organs.Especially the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels suffer.Types of diabetes - Insulin and insulinth dependents.The first species are more likely to suffer from children and young people under the age of 30, it is transmitted with genes by inheritance.In this case, one cannot reach the desired standard of living without the constant introduction of insulins.An insulin pump is better made with this task.Type 2 diabetes is found in average elderly people and the elderly with an increase in body weight.
In this article, we will consider the differences between diabetes of the 1st and 2nd types.
Characteristics of type 1 diabetes
The main mechanism for developing the disease is the lack of insulin.It is a peptide hormone of the pancreas, produced by special beta cells from the islets of Langerganes.Its main function is to ensure glucose entering the cell.Glucose is the main energy material, without it, life is impossible.In the first type of diabetes, sugar circulates in the blood, but is unable to enter the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple, depending on the determination of glucose in the blood.With an increase in its level, you can make an appropriate diagnosis.Due to the need for patients to constantly take treatment, this diabetes is called dependent on insulin.
The causes of cell destruction that produce insulin are not very well studied.The most common autoimmune lesion mechanism is when their own immune cells attack the pancreas.Throughout life, all cells will be destroyed.The only treatment method is substitution therapy by insulins.
The types of diabetes are easy to distinguish from each other.
Type 1 disease is inherited.Therefore, he begins to manifest himself at an early age.The vast majority of patients are detected up to 30 years.Starting the disease strongly, serious symptoms develop in a short time.The cases are not uncommon when the diabetes of the first type manifests in coma>.
Other characteristic symptoms include:
- unbearable thirst;
- increase in appetite;
- dry mouth;
- Improved urilation, including night;
- Pronounced weight loss;
- Skin itching;
- pronounced weakness;
- sweating;
- Vision of vision.
Characteristics of type 2 diabetes
It occurs with a constantly high contribution of glucose in the body.In the vast majority of cases develop in patients with obesity.The mechanism of the disease is different, the cells of the body do not perceive glucose or do not perceive insulin.This is due to a violation of the metabolism that occurs during obesity.
For a long time, the disease does not appear.Then, the patients have symptoms - for a long time the wounds and the non -scar cuts, the dry mouth, the visual disturbances, long -term thrush.
Type 2 diabetes is dangerous with serious complications:
- Visual violation of blindness;
- reduction in kidney function;
- development of trophic ulcers;
- damage the heart muscle;
- Frequent and prolonged infections.
The spectrum of the target organs is wide because an excess of glucose affects blood vessels.In other words, all organs and tissues are assigned to various degrees.
The diagnosis of the disease is common for the types of diabetes 1 and 2.
We have examined the differences between the 1st and 2nd types of diabetes.What do these diseases have in common?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test is the determination of glucose in the blood.Normally, this indicator does not exceed 5.5 mmol / L. Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when the level of glucose exceeds 6.1 mmol / L. The intermediate result is not considered as a disease.Sugar sometimes increases with colds, injuries, stressful situations, non-compliance with the patient with test rules, taking medication.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis after a few weeks.
In addition to determining blood sugar, other diagnostic methods are also used:
- Determination of glycated hemoglobin;
- Determination of glucose and acetone in urine;
- Determination of peptide c.
Under the conditions of the scientific centers, in order to distinguish the types of diabetes between them, in controversial cases, use the identification of the genes responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes.
Differences between the 1st and 2nd types of diabetes
The start of diabetes
The types of diabetes differ in the appearance of the disease.Hereditary diabetes suddenly develops, among young people and thin, it takes place strongly, requires emergency assistance.
Type 2 diabetes develops slowly, in the elderly with excess body weight, does not require urgent intervention.
Insulin reception
It is necessary to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes. The difference in their treatment is enormous.
Insulin dependent type treatment is compulsory.How long the patient will live without complications will live on properly selected insulin therapy.Patients should study in special diabetes schools in order to study their illness, learn to live fully.
The approach to acquired diabetes therapy is completely different.It is only with a prolonged heavy diabetes type 2, after having used the whole arsenal of the tablets, the diabetics are prescribed insulins.
In the modern world, diabetes is not condemned, patients live in old age, can give birth to children.The spectrum of professions that diabetics can master are very wide.
With the first identified diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients are hospitalized for the selection of insulin doses.After the exit, the diabetic itself controls its diet, the level of blood sugar and insulin injections.You shouldn't be limited to food.The drug dose must correspond to the amount of glucose in food.There are bread units to measure it.This is a measure of the sugar content in different types of food.In accordance with the number of units of bread to eat, the patient must inject the equivalent dose of insulin to avoid coma.
Life
With the first type of diabetes of the second type, the accent is put on appropriate nutrition.The patient is prohibited from eating sweet, flour, sweet fruit, juice, cereals.If blood sugar is not carried out by modifying nutrition, drugs to the dissemination of sugar are prescribed.
The identification of congenital diabetes implies a cardinal change in the lifestyle.Now the patient is linked to a vital dose of insulin.The refusal of treatment means death.
Prevention
In addition to treatment, the difference in two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent diabetes of the first type.But type 2 diabetes is not only possible, but also necessary.Obesity, lack of motor activity, the abuse of sweet leads to the disease.